Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi lwehlabathi jikelele ngokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, izinto zemveli zijongene nemingeni emininzi, kunye nengqolowa yezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ziye zavela njengezinto ezivela kwi-bio-based material. Eli nqaku licacisa ngeempawu, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nobume bemveliso yengqolowa yezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ihlalutya nzulu amathuba esicelo sayo ekupakishweni, iingubo, ukwakhiwa, ezolimo kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye iphonononga amathuba kunye nemingeni ejongene nayo, ijonge phambili kwiindlela zophuhliso zexesha elizayo. , ejolise ekunikezeni ireferensi ebanzi kubasebenzi abafanelekileyo kushishino, abaphandi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokunceda ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso yengqolowa. izixhobo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
1. Intshayelelo
Kweli xesha siphila kulo, imiba yemekobume iye yaba yenye yezinto eziphambili ezithintela ukukhula koluntu. Izinto zemveli ezifana neeplastiki kunye nemicu yeekhemikhali ziye zabangela uchungechunge lweengxaki ezinzulu ezifana nokunqongophala kwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nongcoliseko olumhlophe ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuchithwa kwenkunkuma. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, kungxamisekile ukufumana ezinye imathiriyeli ezinokuthi zihlaziyeke, ezinokonakala kwaye ezinobungani nokusingqongileyo. Njengesityalo sokutya esibalulekileyo esilinywa kwihlabathi jikelele, imveliso yengqolowa ekusetyenzweni kwayo, efana nomququ wengqolowa kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa, zifunyaniswe zinesakhono esikhulu sokuphuhlisa imathiriyeli. Ingqolowa ehambelana nokusingqongileyo imathiriyeli etshintshwa bubugcisa obutsha iyavela ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kulindeleke ukuba imise iipateni ezininzi zemizi-mveliso.
2. Isishwankathelo seingqolowa izixhobo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo
Imithombo kunye nezithako zemathiriyeli ekrwada
Ingqolowa izinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zisuka ikakhuluumququ wengqolowakunye nebran. Ingqolowa yengqolowa ityebile kwi-cellulose, i-hemicellulose kunye ne-lignin, kwaye ezi polymers zendalo zibonelela ngenkxaso yesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo. I-Cellulose ineempawu zamandla aphezulu kunye ne-crystallinity ephezulu, enika ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo; i-hemicellulose ilula ukuthotywa kwaye inokuphucula ukusebenza; i-lignin iphakamisa ukuqina kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi kwezinto. Ingqolowa yengqolowa ityebile kwi-fiber yokutya, iprotheni kunye nenani elincinci lamafutha, iiminerali, njl., ezinokuthi zongezelele ukunqongophala kwamacandelo e-straw kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwempahla, njengokuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye neempawu zomhlaba, okwenza ukuba zilungele ngakumbi iteknoloji yokucubungula. .
Inkqubo yokulungiselela
Okwangoku, inkqubo yokulungiselela ingqolowa yezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo igubungela iindlela zomzimba, iikhemikhali kunye nebhayoloji. Iindlela zenyama ezifana nokutyumza komatshini kunye nokubumba okutshisayo, okutyumza i-straw kwaye emva koko kuyimise phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iphantsi kweendleko. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iimveliso eziphambili ezifana netafile elahlayo kunye neepleyiti; iindlela zekhemikhali ziquka esterification kunye reactions etherification, esebenzisa reagents imichiza ukuguqula ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli yezinto ekrwada ukuphucula adhesion kunye nokuxhathisa amanzi kwemathiriyeli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zokupakisha kunye nezicelo zempahla, kodwa kukho umngcipheko weentsalela reagent imichiza; iindlela zebhayoloji zisebenzisa i-microorganisms okanye i-enzymes ukuthobisa kunye nokuguqula izinto eziluhlaza. Inkqubo iluhlaza kwaye ithambile, kwaye izinto ezintle ezongeziweyo zexabiso eliphezulu zinokulungiswa. Nangona kunjalo, umjikelo omde wokuvubela kunye neendleko eziphezulu zamalungiselelo e-enzyme zinciphisa usetyenziso olukhulu, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukwinqanaba lophando lwebhubhoratri kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso.
3. Izinto eziluncedo zengqolowa kwizixhobo zokusingqongileyo
Ubuhlobo bendalo
Ngokombono wovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi, izinto zengqolowa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zibonise iinzuzo zazo. Inkqubo yokukhula kwayo ekrwada ifunxa ikharbon diokside kwaye ikhuphe ioksijini, enceda ekunciphiseni impembelelo yegreenhouse; inkqubo yemveliso inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, nto leyo inciphisa kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kumandla efosili xa kuthelekiswa nepetroleum-based plastic synthesis; unyango lwenkunkuma emva kokusetyenziswa lulula, kwaye lunokutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yendalo, ngokubanzi ukubola emanzini angenabungozi, i-carbon dioxide kunye ne-humus kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka embalwa, ngokufanelekileyo ukusombulula iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokungcoliswa komhlaba kunye nokuvalwa kwamanzi. okubangelwa "ikhulu leminyaka le-non-corrosion" yeeplastiki zesintu.
Ukuhlaziywa koMthombo
Njengesityalo sonyaka, ingqolowa ilinywa ngokubanzi kwaye inemveliso enkulu yehlabathi minyaka le, enokuthi ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinzileyo ibonelele ngemathiriyeli ekrwada eyaneleyo yokulungiselela imathiriyeli. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ezingahlaziyekiyo ezifana neoyile kunye namalahle, okoko nje imveliso yezolimo icwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo, izinto zengqolowa ziphantse zingapheli, eziqinisekisa ukubonelelwa kwexesha elide kwishishini lezinto eziphathekayo, kunciphisa imingcipheko yezoshishino ebangelwa kukuchithwa kwezixhobo, kwaye ihambelana nengqikelelo yoqoqosho olujikelezayo.
Ukusebenza okukodwa
Izinto zengqolowa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zinokufudumala okulungileyo kunye neempawu zokugquma isandi, eziphuma kwisakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi se-porous fiber. Umoya uyawugcwalisa ukuba wenze umqobo wendalo, onenzuzo ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokwakha iibhodi zokugquma; ngelo xesha, izinto eziphathekayo zilula kwi-texture kwaye zinomlinganiselo ophantsi ohambelanayo, onciphisa ubunzima bemveliso kwaye uququzelele ukuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yokupakishwa kwe-aerospace, iyanciphisa iindleko ngelixa iqinisekisa ukusebenza kokukhusela; ukongeza, nayo ineempawu ezithile ze-antibacterial. Izithako zendalo kwi-straw yengqolowa kunye ne-wheat bran zinempembelelo yokuthintela ukukhula kwezinye ii-microorganisms, ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu yemveliso, kwaye inethemba elibanzi kwizicelo zokupakisha ukutya.
4. Amasimi okusetyenziswa kwengqolowa kwimathiriyeli ehambelana nokusingqongileyo
Ishishini lokupakisha
Kwintsimi yokupakisha, izinto zengqolowa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yokupakishwa kweplastiki yemveli. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-tableware elahlayo, iipleyiti, iibhokisi zesidlo sasemini, i-straw, njl njl. ezenziwe ngomququ wengqolowa zifana nembonakalo yeplastiki, kodwa ayinayo ityhefu kwaye ayinayo incasa, kwaye ayikhuphi imichiza eyingozi xa ishushu, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhanjiswa kokutya. Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zokupheka ziqalisile ukuzama ukuzikhuthaza; kwipakethe ecacileyo, izinto zokukhusela, iimvulophu, kunye neebhokisi ezenziwe ngayo zisetyenziselwa ukuzalisa i-lining, enomsebenzi omhle wokukhusela, ukhusela iimpahla kunye nokonakala ngexesha elifanayo, ukunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma ecacileyo. Amaqonga okurhweba nge-E-commerce kunye neenkampani ezikhawulezayo ziye zayivavanya, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ihlengahlengise inkqubo yokupakisha yezinto eziluhlaza.
Ishishini leempahla
I-cellulose fiber itsalwa kumququ wengqolowa kunye ne-bran yengqolowa, kwaye iqhutywe kuhlobo olutsha lwelaphu elilukiweyo ngenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokusonta. Olu hlobo lwelaphu luthambile kwaye lunobuhlobo nolusu, luyaphefumla, kwaye lufunxa ngcono ukufuma kunomqhaphu ococekileyo. Yomile kwaye ikhululekile ukunxiba, kwaye inombala wayo wendalo kunye nokuthungwa. Inexabiso elikhethekileyo lobuhle kwaye liye lavela kwimimandla yefashoni ephezulu kunye nempahla yasekhaya. Ezinye iibrendi zefashoni ziphehlelele ushicilelo olulinganiselweyo lwempahla yengqolowa yefayibha, ethe yatsala umdla wentengiso kwaye yafaka amandla kuphuhliso lwefashoni ezinzileyo.
Ishishini lokwakha
Njengesixhobo sokufakelwa kwesakhiwo, iipaneli zengqolowa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zilula ukuzifaka, kwaye umphumo we-insulation ufana ne-polystyrene panels zendabuko, kodwa ngaphandle kokutsha okutsha kunye neengozi zokukhutshwa kwegesi enetyhefu, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lomlilo wezakhiwo; kwangaxeshanye, zisetyenziselwa uhombiso lwangaphakathi, olufana neepaneli zokuhombisa eludongeni kunye neesilingi, ukwenza umoya wendalo kunye nobushushu, kwaye zinokuhlengahlengisa ukufuma kwendlu, ukufunxa ivumba, kunye nokudala indawo yokuhlala enempilo. Ezinye iiprojekthi zokubonisa izakhiwo zendalo ziye zazamkela ngobuninzi, zikhokelela kwindlela yezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza.
Intsimi yezoLimo
Kwimveliso yezolimo, iimbiza zezithole kunye ne-mulch eyenziwe ngezinto zengqolowa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Izimbiza zezithole ziyakwazi ukuhlanjululwa ngokwemvelo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokususa iimbiza xa utshintshe izithole, ukuphepha umonakalo weengcambu kunye nokuphucula izinga lokusinda kokutshintshwa; isigcina-kufuma esinokonakala sigquma umhlaba wasefama, sigcina ukufuma kwaye sinyusa ubushushu ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, kwaye izibole ngokwaso emva kokuba ixesha lokukhula liphelile, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukulinywa kwesityalo esilandelayo, ukusombulula ingxaki yeentsalela zesigcina-kufuma zeplastiki zesintu ezingcolisa umhlaba kwaye zithintele imisebenzi yezolimo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzinzileyo uphuhliso lwezolimo.
V. Imiceli mngeni ejongene nophuhliso lwezixhobo zengqolowa ezinobungani nokusingqongileyo
Iibhotile zobugcisa
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili yophando kunye nophuhliso, ubunzima bobugcisa busekho. Okokuqala, ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwezinto. Ngokumalunga nokuphucula amandla kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi ukuhlangabezana neemeko zokusetyenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubuchwepheshe obukhoyo abukwazi ukulinganisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza, okuthintela ukwandiswa kwezicelo eziphezulu. Okwesibini, inkqubo yemveliso ayizinzile, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwezithako zezinto eziluhlaza kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo kukhokelela kumgangatho wemveliso ongalinganiyo, okwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwimveliso esemgangathweni enkulu, echaphazela ukuzithemba kotyalo-mali lwenkampani kunye nokunyuswa kweemarike.
Iindleko zeendleko
Okwangoku, ixabiso lengqolowa yezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo liphezulu kunezinto zemveli. Kwinqanaba lokuqokelela izinto eziluhlaza, i-straw iyahlakazeka, i-radius yokuqokelela inkulu, kwaye ukugcinwa kunzima, okwandisa iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla; kwinqanaba lemveliso, izixhobo eziphucukileyo zixhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, amalungiselelo e-enzyme yebhayoloji kunye ne-reagents yokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zibiza kakhulu, kwaye nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvelisa kuncinci, kusabala umlinganiselo omkhulu weendleko; kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhuthazwa kweemarike, umphumo wesikali awukaqulunqwa, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso yeyunithi ayinakuncitshiswa. Kukwimeko embi ekukhuphisaneni nezinto zemveli ezinexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo ethintela abathengi kunye namashishini ekukhetheni.
Ukwazisa ngentengiso kunye nokwamkelwa
Abathengi kudala beqhelene nezinto zemveli kunye neemveliso, kwaye banolwazi olunqongopheleyo ngengqolowa yezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Banexhala malunga nokuqina kunye nokhuseleko lwabo, kwaye banomdla omncinci wokuthenga; kwicala leshishini, banqunyelwe ngeendleko kunye nemingcipheko yobugcisa kwaye balumkile malunga nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezintsha. Ngokukodwa, amashishini amancinci naphakathi akanamali kunye neetalente ze-R&D, kwaye kunzima ukulandelela ngexesha; ukongeza, ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elisezantsi alixhotyiswanga kakuhle, kwaye kukho ukunqongophala kobuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha kunye nezibonelelo zonyango, ezichaphazela ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kweemveliso zenkunkuma, kwaye oko kuthintela ukwandiswa kwemarike yangaphambili yezinto.
VI. Amacebo okuphendula kunye namathuba ophuhliso
Intsebenziswano kushishino-yunivesithi-uphando ukutyhoboza ngeteknoloji
Iiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando lwenzululwazi kunye namashishini kufuneka asebenzisane ngokusondeleyo. Iiyunivesithi kufuneka zidlale ngokupheleleyo kwiinzuzo zazo kuphando olusisiseko kwaye ziphonononge iindlela ezintsha zokuguqulwa kwezinto kunye neendlela ze-biotransformation; Amaziko ophando lwenzululwazi kufuneka agxile ekuphuculeni inkqubo, kwaye ngokudibeneyo aqhube imveliso yokulinga kunye namashishini ukoyisa imiba yozinzo lobugcisa; amashishini kufuneka abonelele ngemali kunye nengxelo yentengiso ukukhawulezisa ushishino lweziphumo zophando lwezenzululwazi, ezinjengokuseka amaziko e-R&D adibeneyo, kwaye urhulumente kufuneka enze amakhonkco kwaye abonelele ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo ukukhuthaza ukuphindaphindwa kwethekhinoloji kunye nophuculo.
Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo inciphisa iindleko
Urhulumente uqalise imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali ukuze abonelele ngenkxaso-mali yezothutho ukuze kuqokelelwe imathiriyeli ekrwada ukunciphisa iindleko zolungiselelo; icala lemveliso libonelela ngokukhululwa kwerhafu ekuthengeni izixhobo kunye nophando lweteknoloji entsha kunye nophuhliso ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba ahlaziye iteknoloji; amashishini asezantsi asebenzisa ingqolowa izinto ezinobungane kokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokupakishwa kunye neenkampani zokwakha, zinikwa inkxaso-mali yokuthengwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuvuselela imfuno yemarike, kunye nenkxaso yekhonkco yonke yemizi-mveliso, inceda ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa umsantsa wexabiso kunye nezixhobo zemveli.
Yomeleza ukwazisa uluntu kwaye ukhulise ulwazi
Sebenzisa amajelo eendaba, imiboniso, kunye nemisebenzi yesayensi edumileyo ukupapasha iingenelo kunye neemeko zesicelo sengqolowa yezinto ezinobungane ngokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi, ukubonisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuqina, kunye nokuphelisa iinkxalabo zabathengi; ukubonelela ngoqeqesho lobuchwephesha kunye nesikhokelo senguqu kumashishini, ukwabelana ngamava ayimpumelelo, kunye nokuvuselela umdlandla woshishino; ukuseka imigangatho yoshishino kunye neenkqubo zokuchongwa kwemveliso, ukulungelelanisa imarike, ukwenza kube lula kubathengi kunye namashishini ukuchonga kunye nokuthembela, ukudala i-ikholoji yemizi-mveliso elungileyo, kunye nokuhlutha ukusetyenziswa kohlaza kunye namathuba emarike yophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
VII. Ikamva elizayo
Ngotshintsho oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nolwazi oluphuculweyo lwentengiso, imathiriyeli ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwengqolowa kulindeleke ukuba ingenise uphuhliso oluqhumayo. Kwixesha elizayo, izinto zengqolowa ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu zokusebenza ziya kuzalwa, zidibanise izibonelelo zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zendalo okanye zokwenziwa, kunye nokwandisa kwiindawo zobugcisa obuphezulu obunje ngeemoto kunye ne-elektroniki; Kuya kuvela izinto ezikrelekrele eziqondakalayo zengqolowa, ukujonga ixesha lokwenyani kokusingqongileyo kunye nokutsha kokutya, ukuxhobisa ukupakishwa okukrelekrele kunye namakhaya akrelekrele; Amaqela amashishini aya kwenziwa, kwaye lonke ikhonkco ukusuka kutyalo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli ukuya ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kwemveliso kuya kuphuhla ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo, ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokwandisa iinzuzo zemizi-mveliso, ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwishishini lehlabathi lezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nokubeka a isiseko esiluqilima sezinto eziphathekayo ukwenzela impumelelo ezinzileyo yoluntu.
VIII. Ukuqukumbela
Izinto zengqolowa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusingqongileyo okubalaseleyo, ubutyebi kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza, zibonise amathemba abanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi. Nangona okwangoku bejongene nemingeni emininzi efana netekhnoloji, iindleko, kunye nentengiso, kulindeleke ukuba batyhutyhe ubunzima ngemigudu ehlangeneyo yawo onke amaqela. Ukubamba ithuba lokuphuhlisa ngamandla akuyi kusombulula kuphela ingxaki yokusingqongileyo eziswa ngezinto zemveli, kodwa kuya kuzala amashishini ahlaza avelayo, afezekise imeko yokukhula koqoqosho kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, ukuvula ixesha elitsha kwintsimi izixhobo, kunye nokudala ikhaya elingcono le-ikholoji ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.